Table 2 IIW classification of metal transfer mode and examples of welding processes a
Transfer type | Welding process (example) | Dominant force or mechanism |
|---|---|---|
1. Free flight transfer | Â | Â |
 1.1. Globular |  |  |
  1.1.1. Drop | Low-current GMA | Gravity and electromagnetic pinch |
  1.1.2. Repelled | CO2-shielded GMA | Chemical reaction generation vapour |
 1.2. Spray |  |  |
  1.2.1. Projected | Intermediate-current GMA | Electromagnetic pinch instability |
  1.2.2. Streaming | Medium-current GMA | Electromagnetic |
  1.2.3. Rotating | High-current GMA | Electromagnetic kink instability |
 1.3. Explosive | SMA (coated electrode) | Chemical reaction to form a gas bubble |
2. Bridging transfer | Â | Â |
 2.1. Short circuiting | Short-arc GMA | Surface tension plus electromagnetic forces |
 2.2. Bridging without interruption | Welding with filler wire addition | Surface tension plus (hot wire) electromagnetic forces |
3. Slag protected transfer | Â | Â |
 3.1. Flux wall guided | SAW | Chemical and electromagnetic |
 3.2. Other modes | SAM, cored wire, electroslag | Chemical and electromagnetic |