A new method to study free transverse vibration of the human lumbar spine as segmental multi-layer Timoshenko and Euler–Bernoulli beams

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering

Table 1 Material properties of the model

Spinal components	Density (10⁻⁶ kg/mm³)	Normal case	Case 1	Case 2	Case 3	Case 4
Spinal components	Density (10⁻⁶ kg/mm³)	Elasticity modulus (MPa)–Poisson’s ratio
Cortical bone (Rohlmann et al. 2006; Zander et al. 2006)	1.83	5000–0.30	5000–0.30	5000–0.30	5000–0.30	5000–0.30
Cancellous bone (Rohlmann et al. 2006; Zander et al. 2006)	1.00	500–0.25	500–0.25	500–0.25	500–0.25	500–0.25
Endplate (Wang et al. 2016; Kurutz and Oroszváry 2010)	1.83	100–0.40	100–0.40	100–0.40	1000–0.30	5000–0.30
Nucleus pulpous (Asgharzadeh Shirazi and Ayatollahi 2014; Chen et al. 2008)	1.36	10–0.49	50–0.40	100–0.30	10–0.49	10–0.49
Annulus fibrous zone (Chen et al. 2001; Lee et al. 2000)	1.20	175–0.30	175–0.30	175–0.30	175–0.30	175–0.30